Perfekt (Present Perfect)
The Perfekt (Present Perfect) tense in Swedish is used to describe actions that have been completed but have relevance to the present. It often indicates that the result of a past action is important to the present situation.
Mood:
The Perfekt tense is used in the indicative mood, which expresses facts or certainty about actions that are completed in the past but still relevant to the present.
- Mood: Indicative (expresses completed past actions relevant to the present)
Formation:
The Perfekt tense is a compound tense formed by using the auxiliary verb har (have) followed by the supine form of the main verb.
Supine Form:
The supine is the verb form used after har to form the present perfect in Swedish. For most verbs, it is formed by adding -t to the root.
Active Voice Conjugation:
| Person | Example Verb: att tala (to speak) |
|---|---|
| Singular | har talat |
| Plural | har talat |
Swedish verbs do not change form based on the person or number.
Passive Voice Conjugation:
| Form | Passive (Perfekt) |
|---|---|
| / | har talats |
Examples:
- Active Positive: Jag har talat svenska. (I have spoken Swedish.)
- Active Negative: Jag har inte talat svenska. (I have not spoken Swedish.)
- Passive Positive: Svenska har talats här. (Swedish has been spoken here.)
- Passive Negative: Svenska har inte talats här. (Swedish has not been spoken here.)
