Presente Progressivo / Estar + Gerúndio (Present Continuous Indicative)

The Present Continuous Indicative is used to describe actions happening right now or in progress at the moment of speaking.
In Portuguese, it’s a periphrastic construction formed with the verb estar (present indicative) + the gerund of the main verb.


Formation

  1. Conjugate estar in the present indicative.
  2. Add the gerund of the main verb:
    • For -ar verbs: replace -ar with -ando → falar → falando
    • For -er verbs: replace -er with -endo → comer → comendo
    • For -ir verbs: replace -ir with -indo → partir → partindo
Person falar (to speak) comer (to eat) partir (to leave)
eu estou falando estou comendo estou partindo
tu estás falando estás comendo estás partindo
ele/ela/você está falando está comendo está partindo
nós estamos falando estamos comendo estamos partindo
vós estais falando estais comendo estais partindo
eles/elas/vocês estão falando estão comendo estão partindo

Usage

  1. Actions happening at the moment of speaking

    • Estou lendo um livro agora. (I am reading a book right now.)
    • Eles estão cozinhando. (They are cooking.)
  2. Temporary situations

    • Estamos vivendo em Lisboa por alguns meses. (We are living in Lisbon for a few months.)

Differences Between BP and EP

  • Brazilian Portuguese (BP): Uses estar + gerúndio most of the time for continuous actions.
    • Estou falando com ele. (I’m speaking with him.)
  • European Portuguese (EP): Often replaces gerúndio with a + infinitive in speech, though gerúndio is understood and used in writing.
    • Estou a falar com ele. (I’m speaking with him.)
  • The meaning is the same; it’s a stylistic difference.

Irregular Forms

The irregularity comes from estar in the present indicative:

Person estar (present indicative)
eu estou
tu estás
ele/ela/você está
nós estamos
vós estais
eles/elas/vocês estão

The gerund is regular except for verbs with irregular stems (e.g., vir → vindo, pôr → pondo).


Summary

  • Structure: estar (present indicative) + gerund
  • BP prefers the gerund, EP often uses a + infinitive.
  • Used for actions happening now or temporary states.

Examples:

  • BP: Estou comendo agora. (I am eating now.)
  • EP: Estou a comer agora. (I am eating now.)
  • Estamos trabalhando no projeto. (We are working on the project.)

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