Esamības nākotne (Future Perfect)
The Esamības nākotne (Future Perfect) tense in Latvian is used to describe actions that will have been completed before another point in the future. It emphasizes the completion of an action before a specific future event.
Mood:
The Future Perfect is used in the indicative mood, which expresses certainty about actions that will be completed before another future event.
- Mood: Indicative (expresses future actions that will be completed before another future event)
Formation:
The Future Perfect is a compound tense formed by using the auxiliary verb būšu (will have) in the future tense, followed by the past participle of the main verb.
Active Voice Conjugation:
| Person | Example Verb: runāt (to speak) |
|---|---|
| 1st Person | es būšu runājis/runājusi |
| 2nd Person | tu būsi runājis/runājusi |
| 3rd Person | viņš/viņa būs runājis/runājusi |
| 1st Person Pl. | mēs būsim runājuši |
| 2nd Person Pl. | jūs būsiet runājuši |
| 3rd Person Pl. | viņi/viņas būs runājuši |
- The past participle changes based on gender: runājis (masculine) and runājusi (feminine).
Passive Voice Conjugation:
| Form | Passive (Future Perfect) |
|---|---|
| / | būs ticis runāts |
Examples:
- Active Positive: Es būšu runājis ar viņu pirms rītdienas sanāksmes. (I will have spoken with him before tomorrow's meeting.)
- Active Negative: Es nebūšu runājis ar viņu pirms rītdienas sanāksmes. (I will not have spoken with him before tomorrow's meeting.)
- Passive Positive: Latviski būs ticis runāts pirms lekcijas. (Latvian will have been spoken before the lecture.)
- Passive Negative: Latviski nebūs ticis runāts pirms lekcijas. (Latvian will not have been spoken before the lecture.)
