Pluskvamperfekti (Pluperfect)
The Pluskvamperfekti (Pluperfect) tense in Finnish is used to describe actions that were completed before another action or point in the past. It emphasizes that one action occurred prior to another past event.
Mood:
The Pluskvamperfekti tense is used in the indicative mood, which expresses facts and certainty about actions that were completed in the past before another past action.
- Mood: Indicative (expresses actions that happened before another past event)
Active Voice Conjugation:
| Person | Singular (Affirmative) | Singular (Negative) | Plural (Affirmative) | Plural (Negative) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | minä olin puhunut | en ollut puhunut | me olimme puhuneet | emme olleet puhuneet |
| 2nd Person | sinä olit puhunut | et ollut puhunut | te olitte puhuneet | ette olleet puhuneet |
| 3rd Person | hän oli puhunut | ei ollut puhunut | he olivat puhuneet | eivät olleet puhuneet |
Passive Voice Conjugation:
| Person | Passive (Affirmative) | Passive (Negative) |
|---|---|---|
| / | oli puhuttu | ei ollut puhuttu |
Examples:
- Active Affirmative: Minä olin puhunut suomea ennen kuin hän saapui. (I had spoken Finnish before he arrived.)
- Active Negative: En ollut puhunut suomea ennen kuin hän saapui. (I had not spoken Finnish before he arrived.)
- Passive Affirmative: Suomea oli puhuttu Suomessa ennen vuotta 1900. (Finnish had been spoken in Finland before 1900.)
- Passive Negative: Suomea ei ollut puhuttu Ruotsissa pitkään aikaan. (Finnish had not been spoken in Sweden for a long time.)
