Partizip Präsens (Present Participle)
The Partizip Präsens is a non-finite verb form used to describe ongoing or continuous actions. It can function as an adjective or an adverb and is often used in relative clauses or to modify nouns.
Mood:
The Partizip Präsens is a non-finite form and does not indicate a specific mood like indicative or subjunctive. It expresses ongoing actions without conjugating for person or tense.
- Mood: Non-finite (expresses continuous actions without tense or subject)
Usage:
- As an adjective to describe a noun: Die singende Frau. (The singing woman.)
- In relative clauses to indicate ongoing actions: Die Kinder, spielend im Garten, lachen. (The children, playing in the garden, are laughing.)
- As an adverb to describe how something is done: Er kam lächelnd. (He came smiling.)
Formation:
The Partizip Präsens is formed by adding -d to the infinitive of the verb.
| Verb Type | Example Verb | Partizip Präsens |
|---|---|---|
| -EN Verbs | spielen (to play) | spielend |
| -EN Verbs | machen (to do) | machend |
| Irregular Verbs | sehen (to see) | sehend |
Examples:
- Die laufenden Kinder sind glücklich. (The running children are happy.)
- Lächelnd trat er in den Raum. (Smiling, he entered the room.)
- Sie las das Buch, singend und lachend. (She read the book, singing and laughing.)
