Perfektum (Present Perfect)

The Perfektum is used to describe actions that have been completed in the past but are relevant to the present. It often emphasizes the result of a past action.

Mood:

The Perfektum in Danish is used with the indicative mood, which expresses certainty or factual statements about actions that happened in the past with relevance to the present.

• Mood: Indicative (expresses completed past actions relevant to the present)

Usage:

• To describe actions that happened in the past but affect the present: Jeg har spist. (I have eaten.)
• To express actions that occurred recently: Vi har set den nye film. (We have seen the new movie.)
• To talk about experiences: Hun har besøgt Frankrig. (She has visited France.)

Formation:

The Perfektum is a compound tense formed by using the auxiliary verb have (to have) or være (to be) in the present tense, followed by the past participle of the main verb.

1. Using Have:

   • Most verbs use have as the auxiliary.

2. Using Være:

   • Verbs of motion or change of state use være as the auxiliary, and the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject.

Conjugation:

Person	Have (to have)	Være (to be)
Jeg	har talt	er gået
Du	har talt	er gået
Han/Hun	har talt	er gået
Vi	har talt	er gået
I	har talt	er gået
De	har talt	er gået

Irregular Past Participles:

Some verbs have irregular past participles. Examples include:

• Være (to be): været
• Have (to have): haft
• Gå (to go): gået
• Få (to get): fået

Common Time Expressions:

• Allerede (already)
• For nylig (recently)
• Lige nu (right now)

Examples:

• Vi har købt et nyt hus. (We have bought a new house.)
• De har rejst meget. (They have traveled a lot.)
• Han er kommet hjem. (He has come home.)