Fremtid Perfektum (Future Perfect)
The Fremtid Perfektum is used to describe actions that will have been completed by a specific point in the future. It is often used to express actions that are expected to be completed before another future event.
Mood:
The Fremtid Perfektum in Danish is used with the indicative mood, which expresses certainty or factual statements about actions that will be completed in the future.
- Mood: Indicative (expresses certainty about actions completed in the future)
Usage:
- To describe actions that will have been completed by a specific time: Jeg vil have spist, når du ankommer. (I will have eaten by the time you arrive.)
- To make assumptions or predictions about future completed actions: De vil have afsluttet projektet inden fredag. (They will have completed the project by Friday.)
Formation:
The Fremtid Perfektum is a compound tense formed by using the auxiliary verb vil (will) followed by have (to have) or være (to be) in the infinitive, and then the past participle of the main verb.
Using Have:
- Most verbs use have as the auxiliary.
Using Være:
- Verbs of motion or change of state use være as the auxiliary, and the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject.
Conjugation:
| Person | Verb: at tale (to speak) | Verb: at gå (to go) |
|---|---|---|
| Jeg | vil have talt | vil være gået |
| Du | vil have talt | vil være gået |
| Han/Hun | vil have talt | vil være gået |
| Vi | vil have talt | vil være gået |
| I | vil have talt | vil være gået |
| De | vil have talt | vil være gået |
Irregular Past Participles:
Some verbs have irregular past participles that are used in the future perfect. Examples include:
- Være (to be): været
- Have (to have): haft
- Gå (to go): gået
- Få (to get): fået
Common Time Expressions:
- Inden (before)
- Når (when)
- Til den tid (by then)
Examples:
- Jeg vil have læst bogen, inden filmen starter. (I will have read the book before the movie starts.)
- De vil være flyttet, når vi besøger dem. (They will have moved by the time we visit them.)
- Vi vil have afsluttet opgaven inden deadline. (We will have completed the task before the deadline.)
